References | Tools for Teeth

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Main References

Cameron, A. C., & Widmer, R. P. (eds.). (2021). Handbook of Pediatric Dentistry E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Farah, C., Balasubramaniam, R., & McCullough, M. J. (2019). Contemporary Oral Medicine. Springer.

Koch, G., Poulsen, S., Espelid, I., & Haubek, D. (eds.). (2017). Pediatric Dentistry: A Clinical Approach. John Wiley & Sons.

Kotsanos, N., Sarnat, H., & Park, K. (eds.). (2022). Pediatric Dentistry. Springer Nature.

Oral and Dental Expert Group. (2019). Therapeutic Guidelines: Oral and Dental (Version 3). Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd.

Oral Health Victoria. (2005). The Mouth: Oral Health Information for Primary School Nurses. Health Promotion Division. Retrieved from https://www.rdhm.org.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/229136/information-for-primary-school- nurses-the-mouth.pdf

Rushworth, B., & Kanatas, A. (eds.). (2020). Oxford Handbook of Clinical Dentistry. Oxford University Press.

Teoh, L., Moses, G., & McCullough, M. (2024). Handbook of Dental Therapeutics. Cambridge University Press.

Welti, R., Chinotti, M., Walsh, O., Arcus, M., Asgari, J., Phillips, K., … & Silva, M. (2023). Oral health messages for Australia: A national consensus statement. Australian Dental Journal, 68(4), 247–254.

Welti, R., Jones, B., Moynihan, P., & Silva, M. (2023). Evidence pertaining to modifiable risk factors for oral diseases: An umbrella review to Inform oral health messages for Australia. Australian Dental Journal, 68(4), 222–237.

Introduction

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2020). National Oral Health Plan 2015–2024: Performance Monitoring Report. Retrieved from https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/dental-oral-health/national-oral-health-plan-2015-2024

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2024). Oral Health and Dental Care in Australia. Retrieved from https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/dental-oral-health/oral-health-and-dental-care-in-australia

Do, L. G., Song, Y. H., Du, M., Spencer, A. J., & Ha, D. H. (2023). Socioecological determinants of child oral health – A scoping review. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 51(5), 1024–1036.

Glick, M., Williams, D. M., Kleinman, D. V., Vujicic, M., Watt, R. G., & Weyant, R. J. (2016). A new definition for oral health developed by the FDI World Dental Federation opens the door to a universal definition of oral health. British Dental Journal, 221(12), 792–793.

Jackson, S. L., Vann, Jr, W. F., Kotch, J. B., Pahel, B. T., & Lee, J. Y. (2011). Impact of poor oral health on children’s school attendance and performance. American Journal of Public Health, 101(10), 1900–1906.

Peres, M. A., Macpherson, L. M., Weyant, R. J., Daly, B., Venturelli, R., Mathur, M. R., … & Watt, R. G. (2019). Oral diseases: A global public health challenge. The Lancet, 394(10194), 249–260.

The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne. (March 2018). Child Oral Health: Habits in Australian Homes. Poll report no. 10. Retrieved from https://rchpoll.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/NCHP10_Poll-report_Child-oral-health.pdf

Victorian Department of Health and Human Services. (2020). Victorian Action Plan to Prevent Oral Disease 2020–30. Retrieved from https://www.health.vic.gov.au/sites/default/files/migrated/files/collections/research-and-reports/o/victorian-action-plan-to-prevent-oral-disease-2020.pdf

Victorian Government. (n.d.). Improving oral health: Local government action guide. Retrieved from https://www.dhsv.org.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/256174/Local-Government-Area-Action-guide-210624.pdf

World Health Organization. (2023). Global Oral Health Status Report: Towards Universal Health Coverage for Oral Health by 2030. Regional Summary of the African Region.

Pregnancy

Australian Living Evidence Collaboration. (2024). Australian Pregnancy Care Guidelines. School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University. Retrieved from https://files.magicapp.org/guideline/3aa6b881-4be5-4806-bb3e-e7c53b5b0bbf/published_guideline_7933-2_0.pdf

Bao, J., Huang, X., Wang, L., He, Y., Rasubala, L., & Ren, Y. F. (2022). Clinical practice guidelines for oral health care during pregnancy: A systematic evaluation and summary recommendations for general dental practitioners. Quintessence Int, 53(4), 362–373.

Flagler, C. K., Troici, C. M., & Rathore, S. A. (2022). A historical review of the effects of dental radiography on pregnant patients. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 153(10), 989–995.

Gürsoy, M., Gürsoy, U. K., Sorsa, T., Pajukanta, R., & Könönen, E. (2013). High salivary estrogen and risk of developing pregnancy gingivitis. Journal of Periodontology, 84(9), 1281–1289.

Kashetty, M., Kumbhar, S., Patil, S., & Patil, P. (2018). Oral hygiene status, gingival status, periodontal status, and treatment needs among pregnant and nonpregnant women: A comparative study. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology, 22(2), 164–170.

Oral Health Victoria. (n.d.). Pregnancy and oral health in general practice. Factsheet. Retrieved from https://www.dhsv.org.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0014/154022/Pregnancy-and-Oral-Health-in-General-Practice-2023-FINAL.pdf

Ye, C., & Kapila, Y. (2021). Oral microbiome shifts during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes: Hormonal and immunologic changes at play. Periodontology 2000, 87(1), 276–281.

Yenen, Z., & Ataçağ, T. (2019). Oral care in pregnancy. Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association, 20(4), 264.

Part 1: Development

Lift-the-lip

Australian Dental Association, NSW branch. (n.d.). Early childhood dental visits. Factsheet. Retrieved from https://www.adansw.com.au/wp-content/uploads/ADA-NSW-Fact-Sheet-Early-Childhood-Dental-Visits.pdf

Australian Dental Association, Victorian branch. Early childhood dental visits. Factsheet. Retrieved from https://adavb.org/publicassets/55474ad9-c143-ea11-a2b8-b0d6fd09413e/Early-Childhood-Dental-visits.pdf

Oral Health Victoria. (2017). The Little Teeth Book. Retrieved from https://www.dhsv.org.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/156826/DHSV-Little-Teeth-Book.pdf

Queensland Government. (2017). Lift the lip to check for decay. Retrieved from https://metronorth.health.qld.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/lift-the-lip-general.pdf

Royal Australian College of General Practitioners. (2012). Guidelines for Preventive Activities in General Practice, 9th edn.

Birth and feeding

Anil, S., & Anand, P. S. (2017). Early childhood caries: Prevalence, risk factors, and prevention. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 5, 157.

Berkowitz, R. J., & Jones, P. (1985). Mouth-to-mouth transmission of the bacterium Streptococcus mutans between mother and child. Archives of Oral Biology, 30(4), 377–379.

Burrell, C. J., Howard, C. R., & Murphy, F. A. (2016). Epidemiology of viral infections. Fenner and White’s Medical Virology, 185.

da Silva Bastos, V. D. A., Freitas-Fernandes, L. B., da Silva Fidalgo, T. K., Martins, C., Mattos, C. T., de Souza, I. P. R., & Maia, L. C. (2015). Mother-to-child transmission of Streptococcus mutans: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of dentistry, 43(2), 181–191.

Devenish, G., Mukhtar, A., Begley, A., Spencer, A. J., Thomson, W. M., Ha, D., … & Scott, J. A. (2020). Early childhood feeding practices and dental caries among Australian preschoolers. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 111(4), 821–828.

Dezio, M., Piras, A., Gallottini, L., & Denotti, G. (2015). Tongue-tie, from embriology to treatment: A literature review. Journal of Pediatric and Neonatal Individualized Medicine (JPNIM), 4(1), e040101–e040101.

Dye, B. A., Vargas, C. M., Lee, J. J., Magder, L., & Tinanoff, N. (2011). Assessing the relationship between children’s oral health status and that of their mothers. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 142(2), 173–183.

Lee, S. M., Kim, H. N., Lee, J. H., & Kim, J. B. (2019). Association between maternal and child oral health and dental caries in Korea. Journal of Public Health, 27, 219–227.

Oral Health Victoria. (n.d.). Preventing early childhood caries in general practice. Factsheet. Retrieved from https://www.dhsv.org.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/154842/V9.-GP-fact-sheet-OH-and-Early-Childhood-REVIEW-2024.pdf

Plutzer, K., & Spencer, A. J. (2008). Efficacy of an oral health promotion intervention in the prevention of early childhood caries. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 36(4), 335–346.

Samaranayake, L. P., Keung Leung, W., & Jin, L. (2009). Oral mucosal fungal infections. Periodontology 2000, 49(1).

Scully, M., Jinnette, R., Le, L., Martin, J., & Schmidtke, A. (2024). Compliance of Australian commercial foods for young children (< 36 months) with an international nutrient and promotion profile model. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, 48(3), 100158.

Scully, M., Schmidtke, A., Conquest, L., Martin, J., & McAleese, A. (2023). Commercially available foods for young children (< 36 months) in Australia: An assessment of how they compare to a proposed nutrient profile model. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 34(4), 750–758.

Telles, D. R., Karki, N., & Marshall, M. W. (2017). Oral fungal infections: Diagnosis and management. Dental Clinics, 61(2), 319–349.

Tinanoff, N., Baez, R. J., Diaz Guillory, C., Donly, K. J., Feldens, C. A., McGrath, C., … & Twetman, S. (2019). Early childhood caries epidemiology, aetiology, risk assessment, societal burden, management, education, and policy: Global perspective. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 29(3), 238–248.

Teething

King, D. L., Steinhauer, W., Garcia-Godoy, A. F., & Elkins, C. J. (1992). Herpetic gingivostomatitis and teething difficulty in infants. Pediatric Dentistry, 14(2), 82–85.

McIntyre, G. T., & McIntyre, G. M. (2002). Teething troubles? British Dental Journal, 192(5), 251–255.

Nguyen, T., Cranswick, N., Rosenbaum, J., Gelbart, B., & Tosif, S. (2018). Chronic use of teething gel causing salicylate toxicity. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 54(5), 576–578.

Teoh, L., & Moses, G. M. (2020). Are teething gels safe or even necessary for our children? A review of the safety, efficacy and use of topical lidocaine teething gels. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 56(4), 502–505.

Therapeutic Goods Administration. (2023). Changes to choline salicylate access to start from 1 October 2023. Retrieved from https://www.tga.gov.au/news/news/changes-choline-salicylate-access-start-1-october-2023

Adult teeth eruption

Suri, L., Gagari, E., & Vastardis, H. (2004). Delayed tooth eruption: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. A literature review. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 126(4), 432–445.

Part 2:
Tooth and Mouth Problems

Tooth decay

Abbott, P. V. (2004). Classification, diagnosis and clinical manifestations of apical periodontitis. Endodontic Topics, 8(1), 36–54.

Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency. (December 2005). Radiation Protection in Dentistry. Radiation Protection Series no. 10. Retrieved from https://www.arpansa.gov.au/sites/default/files/legacy/pubs/rps/rps10.pdf

Cochrane, N. J., Cai, F., Huq, N. L., Burrow, M. F., & Reynolds, E. C. (2010). New approaches to enhanced remineralization of tooth enamel. Journal of Dental Research, 89(11), 1187–1197.

Espelid, I., Mejàre, I., & Weerheijm, K. (2003). EAPD guidelines for use of radiographs in children. European Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 4, 40–48.

Evans, R. W., & Dennison, P. J. (2009). The Caries Management System: An evidence‐based preventive strategy for dental practitioners. Application for children and adolescents. Australian Dental Journal, 54(4), 381–389.

Fejerskov, O., Nyvad, B., & Kidd, E. (eds.). (2015). Dental Caries: The Disease and Its Clinical Management. John Wiley & Sons.

Ketley, C. E., & Holt, R. D. (1993). Visual and radiographic diagnosis of occlusal caries in first permanent molars and in second primary molars. British Dental Journal, 174(10), 364–370.

Kidd, E. A., & Fejerskov, O. (2016). Essentials of Dental Caries. Oxford University Press.

Mariela Rodriguez Cordeiro, M., & Jose de Carvalho Rocha, M. (2005). The effects of periradicular inflamation and infection on a primary tooth and permanent successor. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 29(3), 193–200.

Marsh, P. D. (2006). Dental plaque as a biofilm and a microbial community: Implications for health and disease. BMC Oral health, 6(Suppl 1), S14.

Marsh, P. D. (2012). Contemporary perspective on plaque control. British Dental Journal, 212(12), 601–606.

Mejàre, I., Stenlund, H., & Zelezny-Holmlund, C. (2004). Caries incidence and lesion progression from adolescence to young adulthood: A prospective 15-year cohort study in Sweden. Caries Research, 38(2), 130–141.

Reich, E., Lussi, A., & Newbrun, E. (1999). Caries‐risk assessment. International Dental Journal, 49(1), 15–26.

Selwitz, R. H., Ismail, A. I., & Pitts, N. B. (2007). Dental caries. The Lancet, 369(9555), 51–59.

Shwartz, M., Gröndahl, H. G., Pliskin, J. S., & Boffa, J. (1984). A longitudinal analysis from bite-wing radiographs of the rate of progression of approximal carious lesions through human dental enamel. Archives of Oral Biology, 29(7), 529–536.

Tabak, L. A., Levine, M. J., Mandel, I. D., & Ellison, S. A. (1982). Role of salivary mucins in the protection of the oral cavity. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 11(1), 1–17.

Takahashi, N., & Nyvad, B. J. C. R. (2008). Caries ecology revisited: Microbial dynamics and the caries process. Caries Research, 42(6), 409–418.

Van Der Stelt, P. F. (2005). Filmless imaging: The uses of digital radiography in dental practice. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 136(10), 1379–1387.

Weerheijm, K. L., Groen, H. J., Bast, A. J. J., Kieft, J. A., Eijkman, M. A. J., & Van Amerongen, W. E. (1992). Clinically undetected occlusal dentine caries: A radiographic comparison. Caries Research, 26(4), 305–309.

Wenzel, A. (2014). Radiographic display of carious lesions and cavitation in approximal surfaces: advantages and drawbacks of conventional and advanced modalities. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 72(4), 251–264.

Wenzel, A., Larsen, M. J., & Feierskov, O. (1991). Detection of occlusal caries without cavitation by visual inspection, film radiographs, xeroradiographs, and digitized radiographs. Caries Research, 25(5), 365–371.

White, S. C., & Pharoah, M. J. (2014). Oral Radiology-E-Book: Principles and Interpretation. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Gingivitis

Liu, X., Xu, J., Li, S., Wang, X., Liu, J., & Li, X. (2022). The prevalence of gingivitis and related risk factors in schoolchildren aged 6–12 years old. BMC Oral Health, 22(1), 623.

Lövdal, A., Arno, A., Schei, O., & Werhaug, J. (1961). Combined effect of subgingival scaling and controlled oral hygiene on the incidence of gingivitis. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 19(3–4), 537–555.

Rathee, M., & Jain, P. (2023). Gingivitis. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing.

Trombelli, L., Farina, R., Silva, C. O., & Tatakis, D. N. (2018). Plaque‐induced gingivitis: Case definition and diagnostic considerations. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 45, S44–S67.

Hypomineralisation

Fagrell, T. G., Lingström, P., Olsson, S., Steiniger, F., & Norén, J. G. (2008). Bacterial invasion of dentinal tubules beneath apparently intact but hypomineralized enamel in molar teeth with molar incisor hypomineralization. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 18(5), 333–340.

Jälevik, B., & Klingberg, G. A. (2002). Dental treatment, dental fear and behaviour management problems in children with severe enamel hypomineralization of their permanent first molars. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 12(1), 24–32.

Jälevik, B., & Norén, J. G. (2000). Enamel hypomineralization of permanent first molars: A morphological study and survey of possible aetiological factors. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 10(4), 278–289.

Jälevik, B., Dietz, W., & Norén, J. G. (2005). Scanning electron micrograph analysis of hypomineralized enamel in permanent first molars. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 15(4), 233–240.

Kim, S., Kim, E. Y., Jeong, T. S., & Kim, J. W. (2011). The evaluation of resin infiltration for masking labial enamel white spot lesions. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 21(4), 241–248.

Shields, S., Chen, T., Crombie, F., Manton, D. J., & Silva, M. (February 2024). The impact of molar incisor hypomineralisation on children and adolescents: A narrative review. Healthcare, 12(3), 370.

Silva, M. J., Scurrah, K. J., Craig, J. M., Manton, D. J., & Kilpatrick, N. (2016). Etiology of molar incisor hypomineralization: A systematic review. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 44(4), 342–353.

William, V., Burrow, M. F., Palamara, J. E., & Messer, L. B. (2006). Microshear bond strength of resin composite to teeth affected by molar hypomineralization using 2 adhesive systems. Pediatric Dentistry, 28(3), 233–241.

Fluorosis

Aoba, T., & Fejerskov, O. (2002). Dental fluorosis: Chemistry and biology. Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine, 13(2), 155–170.

Croll, T. P. (1990). Enamel microabrasion for removal of superficial dysmineralization and decalcification defects. Journal of the American Dental Association (1939), 120(4), 411–415.

Do, L. G., Ha, D. H., Roberts‐Thomson, K. F., & Spencer, A. J. (2020). Dental fluorosis in the Australian adult population. Australian Dental Journal, 65, S47–S51.

Muñoz, M. A., Arana‐Gordillo, L. A., Gomes, G. M., Gomes, O. M., Bombarda, N. H. C., Reis, A., & Loguercio, A. D. (2013). Alternative esthetic management of fluorosis and hypoplasia stains: Blending effect obtained with resin infiltration techniques. Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry, 25(1), 32–39.

Thumb (and dummy) sucking

Adair, S. M. (2003). Pacifier use in children: A review of recent literature. Pediatric Dentistry, 25(5), 449–458.

Indushekar, G. B., & Bhavna, G. (2012). Childhood thumb sucking habit: The burden of a preventable problem. Journal of Dentistry, Medicine and Medical Sciences, 2(1), 1–4.

Silva, M., & Manton, D. (2014). Oral habits – Part 1: The dental effects and management of nutritive and non-nutritive sucking. Journal of Dentistry for Children, 81(3), 133–139.

Warren, J. J., & Bishara, S. E. (2002). Duration of nutritive and nonnutritive sucking behaviors and their effects on the dental arches in the primary dentition. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 121(4), 347–356.

Warren, J. J., Slayton, R. L., Yonezu, T., Bishara, S. E., Levy, S. M., & Kanellis, M. J. (2005). Effects of nonnutritive sucking habits on occlusal characteristics in the mixed dentition. Pediatric Dentistry, 27(6), 445–450.

Ulcer (and canker sore)

Akintoye, S. O., & Greenberg, M. S. (2014). Recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Dental Clinics, 58(2), 281–297.

Cowan, D., Ho, B., Sykes, K. J., & Wei, J. L. (2013). Pediatric oral burns: A ten-year review of patient characteristics, etiologies and treatment outcomes. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 77(8), 1325–1328.

Gilvetti, C., Porter, S. R., & Fedele, S. (2010). Traumatic chemical oral ulceration: A case report and review of the literature. British Dental Journal, 208(7), 297–300.

Miller, M. F., Garfunkel, A. A., Ram, C. A., & Ship, I. I. (1980). The inheritance of recurrent aphthous stomatitis: Observations on susceptibility. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, 49(5), 409–412.

Natah, S. S., Konttinen, Y. T., Enattah, N. S., Ashammakhi, N., Sharkey, K. A., & Häyrinen-Immonen, R. (2004). Recurrent aphthous ulcers today: A review of the growing knowledge. International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 33(3), 221–234.

Scully, C., & Felix, D. H. (2005). Oral medicine – Update for the dental practitioner: Aphthous and other common ulcers. British Dental Journal, 199(5), 259–264.

Scully, C., & Porter, S. (2008). Oral mucosal disease: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 46(3), 198–206.

Ship, J. A., Chavez, E. M., Doerr, P. A., Henson, B. S., & Sarmadi, M. (2000). Recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Quintessence International, 31(2), 95–112.

Cold sore

Arduino, P. G., & Porter, S. R. (2008). Herpes simplex virus type 1 infection: Overview on relevant clinico-pathological features. Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine, 37(2):107–121.

Balasubramaniam, R., Kuperstein, A. S., & Stoopler, E. T. (2014). Update on oral herpes virus infections. Dental Clinics of North American, 58(2), 265–280.

Cunningham, A. L., Diefenbach, R. J., & Miranda-Sakesena, M. (2006). The cycle of human herpes simplex virus infection: Virus transport and immune control. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 194(1), 11–18.

Heliotis, I., Whatling, R., Desai, S., & Visavadia, M. (2021). Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis in children. BMJ, 375.

Huang, C. W., Hsieh, C. H., Lin, M. R., & Huang, Y. C. (2020). Clinical features of gingivostomatitis due to primary infection of herpes simplex virus in children. BMC Infectious Diseases, 20, 1–9.

Looker, K. J., Margaret, A. S., May, M. T., Turner, K. M. E., Vickerman, P., Gottlieb, S. L., & Newman, L. M. Global and regional estimates of prevalent and incident herpes simplex virus type 1 infections in 2012. PLoS One, 10(10), e0140765.

Porter, S., Leão, J. C., & Gueiros, L. A. (2017). Oral and maxillofacial viral infections. In Contemporary Oral Medicine, Springer.

Richter, E. R., Dias, J. K., Gilbert, J. E., & Atherton, S. S. (2009). Distribution of herpes simplex virus type 1 and varicella zoster virus in ganglia of the human head and neck. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 200(12), 1901–1906.

Scully, C. (1989). Orofacial herpes simplex virus infections: Current concepts in the epidemiology, pathogenesis and treatment, and disorders in which the virus may be implicated. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, 68(6), 701–710.

Part 3: At-home care

Diet

Bartlett, D. (2006). Intrinsic causes of erosion. Dental Erosion, 20, 119–139.

Burt, B. A., & Pai, S. (2001). Sugar consumption and caries risk: A systematic review. Journal of Dental Education, 65(10), 1017–1023.

Edwards, M., Ashwood, R. A., Littlewood, S. J., Brocklebank, L. M., & Fung, D. E. (1998). A videofluoroscopic comparison of straw and cup drinking: The potential influence on dental erosion. British Dental Journal, 185(5), 244–249.

Ha, D. H., Arora, A., Harford, J., Luzzi, L., Chrisopoulos, S., & Do, L. G. (2023). Population impact of sugar-sweetened beverages on dental caries and overweight/obesity in Australian children. JDR Clinical & Translational Research, 8(3), 224–233.

Johansson, A. K., Lingström, P., Imfeld, T., & Birkhed, D. (2004). Influence of drinking method on tooth‐surface pH in relation to dental erosion. European Journal of Oral Sciences, 112(6), 484–489.

Louie, J. C. Y., Moshtaghian, H., Rangan, A. M., Flood, V. M., & Gill, T. P. (2016). Intake and sources of added sugars among Australian children and adolescents. European Journal of Nutrition, 55, 2347–2355.

Lussi, A., & Carvalho, T. S. (2015). Analyses of the erosive effect of dietary substances and medications on deciduous teeth. PLoS One, 10(12), e0143957.

Mahboobi, Z., Pakdaman, A., Yazdani, R., Azadbakht, L., & Montazeri, A. (2021). Dietary free sugar and dental caries in children: A systematic review on longitudinal studies. Health Promotion Perspectives, 11(3), 271.

Malik, V. S., Schulze, M. B., & Hu, F. B. (2006). Intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and weight gain: A systematic review. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 84(2), 274–288.

Moazzez, R., Smith, B. G. N., & Bartlett, D. W. (2000). Oral pH and drinking habit during ingestion of a carbonated drink in a group of adolescents with dental erosion. Journal of Dentistry, 28(6), 395–397.

Moores, C. J., Kelly, S. A. M., & Moynihan, P. J. (2022). Systematic review of the effect on caries of sugars intake: Ten-year update. Journal of Dental Research, 101(9), 1034–1045.

Moynihan, P., & Petersen, P. E. (2004). Diet, nutrition and the prevention of dental diseases. Public Health Nutrition, 7(1a), 201–226. National Health and Medical Research Council, N. (2013). Australian Dietary Guidelines.

Newton, J. T., Awojobi, O., Nasseripour, M., Warburton, F., Di Giorgio, S., Gallagher, J. E., & Banerjee, A. (2020). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the role of sugar-free chewing gum in dental caries. JDR Clinical & Translational Research, 5(3), 214–223.

O’Sullivan, E. A., & Curzon, M. E. (2000). A comparison of acidic dietary factors in children with and without dental erosion. ASDC Journal of Dentistry for Children, 67(3), 186–192.

Salas, M. M. S., Nascimento, G. G., Vargas-Ferreira, F., Tarquinio, S. B. C., Huysmans, M. C. D. N. J. M., & Demarco, F. F. (2015). Diet influenced tooth erosion prevalence in children and adolescents: Results of a meta-analysis and meta-regression. Journal of Dentistry, 43(8), 865–875.

Shaw, L., Al-Dlaigan, Y. H., & Smith, A. (2000). Childhood asthma and dental erosion. ASDC Journal of Dentistry for Children, 67(2), 102–106.

Sheiham, A., & James, W. P. T. (2015). Diet and dental caries: The pivotal role of free sugars reemphasized. Journal of Dental Research, 94(10), 1341–1347.

Shkembi, B., & Huppertz, T. (2023). Impact of dairy products and plant-based alternatives on dental health: Food matrix effects. Nutrients, 15(6), 1469.

Sluik, D., Van Lee, L., Engelen, A. I., & Feskens, E. J. (2016). Total, free, and added sugar consumption and adherence to guidelines: The Dutch National Food Consumption Survey 2007–2010. Nutrients, 8(2), 70.

West, N. X., Hughes, J. A., & Addy, M. (2001). The effect of pH on the erosion of dentine and enamel by dietary acids in vitro. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 28(9), 860–864.

Brushing

Clark-Perry, D., & Levin, L. (2020). Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies comparing oscillating-rotating and other powered toothbrushes. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 151(4), 265–275.

Davies, R. M., Davies, G. M., Ellwood, R. P., & Kay, E. J. (2003). Prevention. Part 4: Toothbrushing: what advice should be given to patients? British Dental Journal, 195(3), 135–141.

Poyato‐Ferrera, M., Segura‐Egea, J. J., & Bullón‐Fernández, P. (2003). Comparison of modified Bass technique with normal toothbrushing practices for efficacy in supragingival plaque removal. International Journal of Dental Hygiene, 1(2), 110–114.

Tan, A. E. S., & Wade, A. B. (1980). The role of visual feedback by a disclosing agent in plaque control. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 7(2), 140–148.

Van der Weijden, F. A., & Slot, D. E. (2015). Efficacy of homecare regimens for mechanical plaque removal in managing gingivitis a meta review. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 42, S77–S91.

Van der Weijden, G. A., & Van Loveren, C. (2023). Mechanical plaque removal in step‐1 of care. Periodontology 2000.

Van Tornout, M., Dadamio, J., Coucke, W., & Quirynen, M. (2013). Tongue coating: Related factors. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 40(2), 180–185.

Walsh, T., Worthington, H. V., Glenny, A. M., Marinho, V. C., & Jeroncic, A. (2019). Fluoride toothpastes of different concentrations for preventing dental caries. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 3(3).

Yaacob, M., Worthington, H. V., Deacon, S. A., Deery, C., Walmsley, A. D., Robinson, P. G., & Glenny, A. M. (2014). Powered versus manual toothbrushing for oral health. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (6).

Flossing

Crocombe, L. A., Brennan, D. S., Slade, G. D. & Loc, D. O. (2012). Is self interdental cleaning associated with dental plaque levels, dental calculus, gingivitis and periodontal disease? Journal of Periodontal Research, 47, 188–197.

Marchesan, J. T., Morelli, T., Moss, K., Preisser, J. S., Zandona, A. F., Offenbacher, S., & Beck, J. (2018). Interdental cleaning is associated with decreased oral disease prevalence. Journal of Dental Research, 97, 773–778.

Ng, E., & Lim, L. P. (2019). An overview of different interdental cleaning aids and their effectiveness. Dentistry Journal, 7(2), 56.

Sälzer, S., Slot, D. E., Van der Weijden, F. A., & Dörfer, C. E. (2015). Efficacy of inter‐dental mechanical plaque control in managing gingivitis: A meta‐review. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 42, S92–S105.

Worthington, H. V., MacDonald, L., Pericic, T. P., Sambunjak, D., Johnson, T. M., Imai, P., & Clarkson, J. E. (2019). Home use of interdental cleaning devices, in addition to toothbrushing, for preventing and controlling periodontal diseases and dental caries. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (4).

Fluoride

Buzalaf, M. A. R., Pessan, J. P., Honório, H. M., & Ten Cate, J. M. (2011). Mechanisms of action of fluoride for caries control. Fluoride and the Oral Environment, 22, 97–114.

Do, L. G., & Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health. (2020). Guidelines for use of fluorides in Australia: Update 2019. Australian Dental Journal, 65(1), 30–38.

Do, L. G., Spencer, A. J., Sawyer, A., Jones, A., Leary, S., Roberts, R., & Ha, D. H. (2023). Early childhood exposures to fluorides and child behavioral development and executive function: A population-based longitudinal study. Journal of Dental Research, 102(1), 28–36.

Foley, M. A., Sexton, C., Spencer, A. J., Lalloo, R., & Do, L. G. (2022). Water fluoridation, dental caries and parental ratings of child oral health. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 50(6), 493–499.

Hopcraft, Matt. (2017). Four myths about water fluoridation and why they’re wrong. The Conversation, 12 July. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/four-myths-about-water-fluoridation-and-why-theyre-wrong-80669

Marinho, V. C., Chong, L. Y., Worthington, H. V., & Walsh, T. (2016). Fluoride mouthrinses for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (7).

Marinho, V. C., Higgins, J. P., Logan, S., Sheiham, A., & Cochrane Oral Health Group. (1996). Topical fluoride (toothpastes, mouthrinses, gels or varnishes) for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2010(1).

Marinho, V. C., Worthington, H. V., Walsh, T., & Clarkson, J. E. (2013). Fluoride varnishes for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (7).

National Health and Medical Research Council. (2017). Health effects of water fluoridation. Retrieved from https://www.nhmrc.gov.au/health-advice/public-health/fluoridation

Petrović, B., Kojić, S., Milić, L., Luzio, A., Perić, T., Marković, E., & Stojanović, G. M. (2023). Toothpaste ingestion – Evaluating the problem and ensuring safety: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1279915.

Shen, P., McKeever, A., Walker, G. D., Yuan, Y., Reynolds, C., Fernando, J. R., … & Reynolds, E. C. (2020). Remineralization and fluoride uptake of white spot lesions under dental varnishes. Australian Dental Journal, 65(4), 278–285.

Van Rijkom, H. M., Truin, G. J., & Van’t Hof, M. A. (1998). A meta-analysis of clinical studies on the caries-inhibiting effect of fluoride gel treatment. Caries Research, 32(2), 83–92.

Whelton, H. P., Spencer, A. J., Do, L. G., & Rugg-Gunn, A. J. (2019). Fluoride revolution and dental caries: Evolution of policies for global use. Journal of Dental Research, 98(8), 837–846.

Tooth mousse

Cross, K. J., Huq, N. L., Loh, B., Bhutta, L. M., Madytianos, B., Peterson, S., … & Reynolds, E. C. (2018). Physico-chemical characterisation of the processes involved in enamel remineralisation by CPP-ACP. In Biomineralization: From Molecular and Nano-Structural Analyses to Environmental Science (pp. 219–228). Springer Singapore.

Dashper, S. G., Shen, P., Sim, C. P. C., Liu, S. W., Butler, C. A., Mitchell, H. L., … & Reynolds, E. C. (2019). CPP-ACP promotes SnF2 efficacy in a polymicrobial caries model. Journal of Dental Research, 98(2), 218–224.

Fernando, J. R., Butler, C. A., Adams, G. G., Mitchell, H. L., Dashper, S. G., Escobar, K., … & Reynolds, E. C. (2019). The prebiotic effect of CPP-ACP sugar-free chewing gum. Journal of Dentistry, 91, 103225.

Ma, X., Lin, X., Zhong, T., & Xie, F. (2019). Evaluation of the efficacy of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate on remineralization of white spot lesions in vitro and clinical research: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health, 19, 1–11.

Morgan, M. V., Adams, G. G., Bailey, D. L., Tsao, C. E., Fischman, S. L., & Reynolds, E. C. (2008). The anticariogenic effect of sugar-free gum containing CPP-ACP nanocomplexes on approximal caries determined using digital bitewing radiography. Caries Research, 42(3), 171–184.

Reynolds, E. C., Cai, F., Cochrane, N. J., Shen, P., Walker, G. D., Morgan, M. V., & Reynolds, C. (2008). Fluoride and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate. Journal of Dental Research, 87(4), 344–348.

Salman, N. R., ElTekeya, M., Bakry, N., Omar, S. S., & El Tantawi, M. (2019). Comparison of remineralization by fluoride varnishes with and without casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate in primary teeth. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 77(1), 9–14.

At-home remedies

Aminoshariae, A., Kulild, J. C., Donaldson, M., & Hersh, E. V. (2016). Evidence-based recommendations for analgesic efficacy to treat pain of endodontic origin: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 147(10), 826–839.

Bacchi, S., Palumbo, P., Sponta, A., & Coppolino, M. F. (2012). Clinical pharmacology of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: A review. Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry (Formerly Current Medicinal Chemistry-Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Allergy Agents), 11(1), 52–64.

Best, A. D., De Silva, R. K., Thomson, W. M., Tong, D. C., Cameron, C. M., & De Silva, H. L. (2017). Efficacy of codeine when added to paracetamol (acetaminophen) and ibuprofen for relief of postoperative pain after surgical removal of impacted third molars: A double-blinded randomized control trial. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 75(10), 2063–2069.

Brookes, Z. L., Bescos, R., Belfield, L. A., Ali, K., & Roberts, A. (2020). Current uses of chlorhexidine for management of oral disease: A narrative review. Journal of Dentistry, 103, 103497.

Brookes, Z. L., McCullough, M., Kumar, P., & McGrath, C. (2023). Mouthwashes: Implications for practice. International Dental Journal, 73, S98–S101.

CareQuest Institute for Oral Health. (April 2023). Dental Danger: Home Remedies to Avoid When Awaiting Care.

Chou, R., Gordon, D. B., de Leon-Casasola, O. A., Rosenberg, J. M., Bickler, S., Brennan, T., … & Wu, C. L. (2016). Management of postoperative pain: A clinical practice guideline from the American pain society, the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists’ committee on regional anesthesia, executive committee, and administrative council. The Journal of Pain, 17(2), 131–157.

Farah, C. S., McIntosh, L., & McCullough, M. J. (2009). Mouthwashes. Australian Prescriber, 32(6).

Fine, D. H., Furgang, D., Sinatra, K., Charles, C., McGuire, A., & Kumar, L. D. (2005). In vivo antimicrobial effectiveness of an essential oil‐containing mouth rinse 12 h after a single use and 14 days’ use. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 32(4), 335–340.

Goncalves, S., Dionne, R. A., Moses, G., & Carrozzo, M. (2019). Pharmacotherapeutic approaches in oral medicine. Contemporary Oral Medicine: A Comprehensive Approach to Clinical Practice. Springer International Publishing.

McCullough, M. J., & Farah, C. S. (2009). Alcohol-containing mouthwashes increase oral cancer risk. Australian Dental Journal.

McGrath, C., Clarkson, J., Glenny, A. M., Walsh, L. J., & Hua, F. (2023). Effectiveness of mouthwashes in managing oral diseases and conditions: Do they have a role? International Dental Journal, 73, S69–S73.

Miroshnychenko, A., Azab, M., Ibrahim, S., Roldan, Y., Martinez, J. P. D., Tamilselvan, D., … & Brignardello-Petersen, R. (2023). Analgesics for the management of acute dental pain in the pediatric population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 154(5), 403–416.

Moore, P. A., Ziegler, K. M., Lipman, R. D., Aminoshariae, A., Carrasco-Labra, A., & Mariotti, A. (2018). Benefits and harms associated with analgesic medications used in the management of acute dental pain: An overview of systematic reviews. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 149(4), 256–265.

Part 4:
Visiting the dentist

Accessing dental care

Moloney, G., Amos, K., Edser, S., & Barone, C. (2024). Socially constructed beliefs and the uptake of the Child Dental Benefits Schedule. Australian

Dental Journal.

First dental Visit

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2011). Dental Attendance Patterns and Oral Health Status. AIHW.

Baker, S. D., Lee, J. Y., & Wright, R. (2019). The importance of the age one dental visit. Pediatric Oral Health Research and Policy Center, American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, 1–16.

Worthington, H. V., Clarkson, J. E., Boyers, D., & Beirne, P. V. (2020). Recall intervals for oral health in primary care patients. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (10).

Dental anxiety

Armfield, J. M., & Heaton, L. J. (2013). Management of fear and anxiety in the dental clinic: A review. Australian Dental Journal, 58(4), 390–407.

Arnrup, K., Broberg, A. G., Berggren, U. L. F., & Bodin, L. (2002). Lack of cooperation in pediatric dentistry-the role of child personality characteristics. Pediatric Dentistry, 24(2), 119–128.

Bailey, P. M., Talbot, A., & Taylor, P. P. (1973). A comparison of maternal anxiety levels with anxiety levels manifested in the child dental patient. ASDC Journal of Dentistry for Children, 40(4), 277–284.

Frankl, S. N. (1962). Should the parent remain with the child in the dental operatory? Journal of Dentistry for Children, 29, 150–163.

Klingberg, G., & Broberg, A. G. (2007). Dental fear/anxiety and dental behaviour management problems in children and adolescents: A review of prevalence and concomitant psychological factors. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 17(6), 391–406.

Moore, P. S., Whaley, S. E., & Sigman, M. (2004). Interactions between mothers and children: Impacts of maternal and child anxiety. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 113(3), 471.

Pfefferle, J. C., Machen, J. B., Fields, H. W., & Posnick, W. R. (1982). Child behavior in the dental setting relative to parental presence. Pediatric Dentistry, 4(4), 311–316.

Seligman, L. D., Hovey, J. D., Chacon, K., & Ollendick, T. H. (2017). Dental anxiety: An understudied problem in youth. Clinical Psychology Review, 55, 25–40.

Townsend, J. A., & Wells, M. H. (2019). Behavior guidance of the pediatric dental patient. In Pediatric Dentistry (pp. 352–370). Elsevier.

Vanin, J. R., Helsley, J. D., Morgan, D. M., & Vanin, J. R. (2008). Overview of anxiety and the anxiety disorders. Anxiety Disorders: A Pocket Guide for Primary Care, 1–18.

Dental procedures

Ahovuo-Saloranta, A. (2004). Pit and fissure sealants for preventing dental decay in the permanent teeth of children and adolescents (Cochrane Review). The Cochrane Library.

Arch, L. M., Humphris, G. M., & Lee, G. T. R. (2001). Children choosing between general anaesthesia or inhalation sedation for dental extractions: The effect on dental anxiety. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 11(1), 41–48.

Cademartori, M. G., Mattar, C. I., Garibaldi, A. P., & Goettems, M. L. (2017). Behavior of children submitted to tooth extraction: Influence of maternal and child psychosocial characteristics. Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clinica Integrada, 17(1), 1–10.

Chadwick, B. L., & Evans, D. J. P. (2007). Restoration of class II cavities in primary molar teeth with conventional and resin modified glass ionomer cements: A systematic review of the literature. European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry, 8, 14–21.

Fragkou, S., Nikolaidis, A., Tsiantou, D., Achilias, D., & Kotsanos, N. (2013). Tensile bond characteristics between composite resin and resin-modified glass-ionomer restoratives used in the open-sandwich technique. European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry, 14, 239–245.

Hilton, T. J., Ferracane, J. L., Broome, J. C., Santos, J. D., & Summitt, J. B. (2013). Summitt’s Fundamentals of Operative Dentistry: A Contemporary Approach, 4th edn. Quintessence.

Hughes, C., & Alsheneifi, T. (2001). Reasons for dental extractions in children. Pediatric Dentistry, 23(2), 109–112.

Mandel, I. D. (1966). Dental plaque: Nature, formation and effects. The Journal of Periodontology, 37(5), 357–367.

Mandel, I. D. (1974). Biochemical aspects of calculus formation: II. Comparative studies of saliva in heavy and light calculus formers. Journal of Periodontal Research, 9(4).

Mandel, I. D., & Gaffar, A. (1986). Calculus revisited: A review. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 13(4), 249–257.

Morrison, E. C., Ramfjord, S. P., & Hill, R. W. (1980). Short‐term effects of initial, nonsurgical periodontal treatment (hygienic phase). Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 7(3), 199–211.

Naaman, R., El-Housseiny, A. A., & Alamoudi, N. (2017). The use of pit and fissure sealants: A literature review. Dentistry Journal, 5(4), 34.

Schroeder, H. E., & Shanley, D. (1969). Formation and inhibition of dental calculus. Journal of Periodontology‐Periodontics, 40(11), 643–646.

Tyas, M. J., Anusavice, K. J., Frencken, J. E., & Mount, G. J. (2000). Minimal intervention dentistry: A review. FDI Commission Project 1–97. International Dental Journal, 50(1), 1–12.

Wright, J. T., Crall, J. J., Fontana, M., Gillette, E. J., Nový, B. B., Dhar, V., … & Carrasco-Labra, A. (2016). Evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the use of pit-and-fissure sealants: A report of the American Dental Association and the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. The Journal of the American Dental Association, 147(8), 672–682.

Wright, J. T., Tampi, M. P., Graham, L., Estrich, C., Crall, J. J., Fontana, M., … & Carrasco-Labra, A. (2016). Sealants for preventing and arresting pit-and-fissure occlusal caries in primary and permanent molars. Pediatric Dentistry, 38(4), 282–308.

Yengopal, V., Harnekar, S. Y., Patel, N., & Siegfried, N. (2009). Dental fillings for the treatment of caries in the primary dentition. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (2).

Yengopal, V., Mickenautsch, S., Bezerra, A. C., & Leal, S. C. (2009). Caries-preventive effect of glass ionomer and resin-based fissure sealants on permanent teeth: A meta analysis. Journal of Oral Science, 51(3), 373–382.

Zander, H. A., Hazen, S. P., & Scott, D. B. (1960). Mineralization of dental calculus. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, 103(2), 257–260.

Specialists

Australia and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists. (2014). Guidelines on Sedation and/or Analgesia for Diagnositc and Interventional Medical, Dental or Surgical Procedures. Retrieved from https://www.conjoint.org.au/docs/PS09%20Sedation%20Guidelines%202014.pdf

Babl, F. E., Oakley, E., Seaman, C., Barnett, P., & Sharwood, L. N. (2008). High-concentration nitrous oxide for procedural sedation in children: Adverse events and depth of sedation. Pediatrics, 121(3), e528–e532.

Dental Board of Australia. (2020). Guidelines for scope of practice. AHPRA. Retrieved from https://www.dentalboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines/Policies-Codes-Guidelines/Guidelines-Scope-of-practice.aspx

Dental Hygienists Association of Australia. (n.d.). The role of the dental hygienist and oral health therapist. Retrieved from https://dhaa.info/DHAAWebsite/DHAA_Web/Your-Oral-Health/Role-Hygienist.aspx

Dodson, T. B. (2012). The management of the asymptomatic, disease-free wisdom tooth: Removal versus retention. Atlas of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics, 20(2), 169–176.

Faulks, D., & Hennequin, M. (2006). Defining the population requiring special care dentistry using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: A personal view. Journal of Disability and Oral Health, 7(3), 143.

Ghaeminia, H., Perry, J., Nienhuijs, M. E., Toedtling, V., Tummers, M., Hoppenreijs, T. J., … & Mettes, T. G. (2016). Surgical removal versus retention for the management of asymptomatic disease‐free impacted wisdom teeth. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (8).

Harradine, N. W., Pearson, M. H., & Toth, B. (1998). The effect of extraction of third molars on late lower incisor crowding: A randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Orthodontics, 25(2), 117–122.

Krauss, B., & Green, S. M. (2006). Procedural sedation and analgesia in children. The Lancet, 367(9512), 766–780.

Lyros, I., Vasoglou, G., Lykogeorgos, T., Tsolakis, I. A., Maroulakos, M. P., Fora, E., & Tsolakis, A. I. (2023). The effect of third molars on the mandibular anterior crowding relapse: A systematic review. Dentistry Journal, 11(5), 131.

Park, K., Zafeiriadis, A. A., & Kotsanos, N. (2022). Orthodontic knowledge and practice for the pediatric dentist. In Pediatric Dentistry (pp. 207–246). Springer International Publishing.

Proffit, W. R., Fields, H. W., & Sarver, D. M. (2000). Contemporary Orthodontics, 6th edn. Mosby.

Rosenbaum, P., & Stewart, D. (March 2004). The World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health: A model to guide clinical thinking, practice and research in the field of cerebral palsy. In Seminars in Pediatric Neurology (vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 5–10). WB Saunders.

Veerkamp, J., Gruythuysen, R., van Hoogstraten, J., & Amerongen, W. (1993). Dental treatment of fearful children using nitrous oxide. Part 4: Anxiety after two years. Journal of Dentistry for Children, 60(4), 372–376.

Wilson, S. (2004). Pharmacological management of the pediatric dental patient. Pediatric Dentistry, 26(2), 131–136.

Zier, J. L., & Liu, M. (2011). Safety of high-concentration nitrous oxide by nasal mask for pediatric procedural sedation: Experience with 7802 cases. Pediatric Emergency Care, 27(12), 1107–1112.

Part 5: A broken tooth

Abbott, P. V. (2016). Prevention and management of external inflammatory resorption following trauma to teeth. Australian Dental Journal, 61, 82–94.

Abbott, P. V., Tewari, N., Mills, S. C., Stasiuk, H., Roettger, M., O’Connell, A. C., & Levin, L. (2024). The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and the Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD) guidelines for prevention of traumatic dental injuries: Part 7: Orthodontics for the prevention of dental and oral trauma. Dental Traumatology: Official Publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology, 40, 16–17.

Andreasen, J. O., Bakland, L. K., Flores, M. T., Andreasen, F. M., & Andersson, L. (2011). Traumatic Dental Injuries: A Manual. John Wiley & Sons.

Boorum, M. K., & Andreasen, J. O. (1998). Sequelae of trauma to primary maxillary incisors. I. Complications in the primary dentition. Dental Traumatology, 14(1), 31–44.

Flores, M. T., & Onetto, J. E. (2019). How does orofacial trauma in children affect the developing dentition? Long-term treatment and associated complications. Journal of Endodontics, 45(12), S1–S12.

Lam, R., Abbott, P., Lloyd, C., Lloyd, C., Kruger, E., & Tennant, M. (2008). Dental trauma in an Australian rural centre. Dental Traumatology, 24(6), 663–670.

O’Connell, A. C., Abbott, P. V., Tewari, N., Mills, S. C., Stasiuk, H., Roettger, M., & Levin, L. (2024). The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and the Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD) guidelines for prevention of traumatic dental injuries: Part 2: Primary prevention of dental trauma across the life course. Dental Traumatology: Official Publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology, 40, 4–6.

Tewari, N., Abbott, P. V., O’Connell, A. C., Mills, S. C., Stasiuk, H., Roettger, M., & Levin, L. (2024). The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and the Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD) guidelines for prevention of traumatic dental injuries: Part 5: Secondary prevention of dental injuries. Dental Traumatology: Official Publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology, 40, 12–13.

Tewari, N., Abbott, P. V., O’Connell, A. C., Mills, S. C., Stasiuk, H., Roettger, M., & Levin, L. (2024). The International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) and the Academy for Sports Dentistry (ASD) guidelines for prevention of traumatic dental injuries: Part 10: First aid education. Dental Traumatology: Official Publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology, 40, 22–24.